World War I The War to End All Wars
When unit is over can you...?
3 formative assignments
1. understand why M.A.I.N. was a cause of World War I.
2. understand how World War I changed the role of the U.S. on the world stage?
3. apply how World War I influenced the future of the nation?
Unit Question: Why do countries go to war? What is the lasting impact of war on society?
M.A.I.N. is why countries go to war in Europe during WWI.
M is Militarism
A is Alliances
I is for Imperialism
N is for Nationalism
2 Sides Emerge
1. Triple Entente(Allies)
2. Central Powers
THE ALLIED POWERS
The Powers known as the Allies in World War I were predominantly: Great Britain, France, Russia and Italy. Italy initially had a treaty with Germany, but recanted and secretly allied with the Allied Powers. The United States joined the Allied Powers in 1917 after the country could no longer stay neutral, as Woodrow Wilson had planned in the Proclamation of Neutrality and other reasons involving kinship and propaganda. The Allies were ultimately comprised of 25 nations
THE CENTRAL POWERS
- The Central Powers were Germany, the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. These nations banded together, mostly out of national pride, and for revenge for previous losses (i.e the Bulgarians to the Serbs in 1913). These alliances were sloppy: some of the nations were not aligned with others at all times, or declarations of war were not made against all the Allied Powers.
The Fronts:
1. Eastern: Russians were militarily crushed by mostly German forces. Russia had a difficult time maintaining its position in the ‘Great War’ because of the two revolutions it experienced itself. Russia ultimately withdrew, accepting the Treaty of Brest-Litovisk.
2. Western Front: This front experienced stale-mated battles, with no exceptionally decisive battles as both forces were tired and over-exerted. With the entry of the United States in 1917, the troops for the Allies received much needed and welcomed support.
One way to understand the violence and slaughter that occurred in the Great War is to examine the number of casualties aand deaths. Exact figures are still in dispute, because of different definitions used each category, the questionable accuracy of the recording system used and the loss or destruction of a number of official documents. The data in the tables below reflect numbers from several sources and are consistant with most experts' current estimates. |
Country |
Total Mobilized Forces |
Killed |
Wounded |
Prisoners and Missing |
Total Casualties |
Casualties as % of Forces |
ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POWERS |
Russia |
12,000,000 |
1,700,000 |
4,950,000 |
2,500,000 |
9,150,000 |
76.3 |
British Empire |
8,904,467 |
908,371 |
2,090,212 |
191,652 |
3,190,235 |
35.8 |
France |
8,410,000 |
1,357,800 |
4,266,000 |
537,000 |
6,160,800 |
73.3 |
Italy |
5,615,000 |
650,000 |
947,000 |
600,000 |
2,197,000 |
39.1 |
United States |
4,355,000 |
116,516 |
204,002 |
4,500 |
323,018 |
7.1 |
Japan |
800,000 |
300 |
907 |
3 |
1,210 |
0.2 |
Romania |
750,000 |
335,706 |
120,000 |
80,000 |
535,706 |
71.4 |
Serbia |
707,343 |
45,000 |
133,148 |
152,958 |
331,106 |
46.8 |
Belgium |
267,000 |
13,716 |
44,686 |
34,659 |
93,061 |
34.9 |
Greece |
230,000 |
5,000 |
21,000 |
1,000 |
27,000 |
11.7 |
Portugal |
100,000 |
7,222 |
13,751 |
12,318 |
33,291 |
33.3 |
Montenegro |
50,000 |
3,000 |
10,000 |
7,000 |
20,000 |
40.0 |
TOTAL |
42,188,810 |
5,142,631 |
12,800,706 |
4,121,090 |
22,062,427 |
52.3 |
ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POWERS |
Germany |
11,000,000 |
1,773,700 |
4,216,058 |
1,152,800 |
7,142,558 |
64.9 |
Austria-Hungary |
7,800,000 |
1,200,000 |
3,620,000 |
2,200,000 |
7,020,000 |
90.0 |
Turkey |
2,850,000 |
325,000 |
400,000 |
250,000 |
975,000 |
34.2 |
Bulgaria |
1,200,000 |
87,500 |
152,390 |
27,029 |
266,919 |
22.2 |
TOTAL |
22,850,000 |
3,386,200 |
8,388,448 |
3,629,829 |
15,404,477 |
67.4 |
GRAND TOTAL |
65,038,810 |
8,528,831 |
21,189,154 |
7,750,919 |
37,466,904 |
57.5 |
Activity
WWI was a Trench war (Stalemate)
Objective:
- Identify how trench warfare changed war tactics and technology.
Question: How did trench warfare make the World War I battlefields unlike any other in history? Result: To win it, led to better technology and massive casualties to break the stalemate?
Before reading or watching the videos, how do you think trench warfare changed warfare in the future? Lets find out!
Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbwH1ZBnYds 6:25 introduction to WWI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHSQAEam2yc Simplified start of WWI
Videos
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KaHU2S79R5aqQBMjRqc_-H-vzR9zv5ko8aetXUrQo-8/edit?usp=sharing a selection of videos from trench designs, technology, to no mans land, stalemate to shell shock.
Readings
Read and share: Read one of the readings below and share two or three points about trench warfare with the class.
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/life_trenches.htm Reading on life in the trenches 2 readers divide it up
http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/trenchlife.htm Reading on life in the trenches 3 readers divide it up
Gamers
http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/games/overtop/index_e.shtml# over the top interactive trench warfare game. make the right decision or be one of the 16-21 million casualties of world war I. 10 individual to play and critique the game.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7nRTF2SowQ&has_verified=1 Play Station 1
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvNBXWGykQrWb7kPAn5eLUQ?feature=embeds_subscribe_title
4. What is your final conclusion on how trench warfare changed warfare in general?
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1xI-SyAKBKcWzS4hJ52ncoZ5X_e7A_wGZ1S6eMyaj-eY/edit?usp=sharing Organizer
Exit: What is your final word about trench warfare?
What is going on at the U.S. Home front while war is raging in Europe?
U.S role in WWI
1914-1917 the U.S. stance on WWI? One Word "Isolationism"
Why should we get involved in someone else's problems? Were we really isolated?
Look at the reasons to join either side
Reasons to Join the Central Powers (Triple Alliance) |
Reasons to Join the Allies (Triple Entente) |
11 million German-Americans
sympathized with relatives
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Close Cultural Ties to England |
7 million Irish-Americans who hated British |
Shared transatlantic cable for communication and to censor stories and use propaganda(German atrocities) |
350 million dollars in German exports from U.S factories. By 1916 it was few war materials. Blockades worked. |
U.S. big businesses gave Allies huge loans |
Great Britain expands contraband list of goods, limits communications, in its illegal blockade of Germany. |
1.5 billion dollars in exports from U.S. factories. By 1916 it was all war materials. No blockades
Allies controlled the seas
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German U-boats sink U.S. merchant vessels and passenger liners around Great Britain. Woodrow Wilson holds Germany personally accountable for every American life lost. Lusitania and Sussex |
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Zimmerman Note- If Mexico joins war against U.S. they can have SW U.S. back. |
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Germany expands Chemical warfare hits home against the Canadians |
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Germany seen as cruel and brutal by British, American, and French propaganda. |
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Russia leaves WWI because of Revolution |
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U.S joins the Allies in April of 1917 after Germany resumes Unrestricted Submarine warfare |
What role did M.A.I.N. have in drawing the U.S. into the war from the above chart?
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-one/inside-first-world-war/part-nine/10801898/why-america-joined-first-world-war.html
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1xEPNtgf5qCoOrM0nV8YYXsGMZVTijLoBQ5pgebqzWXY/edit?usp=sharing DOC with activity and reading
QUiz on Causes WWI
Book Introduction: Review these before they read
Imperialism-America gains an empire
American isolationism ends
National pride and the home front
Naval power-we become global
Industry creates global markets and more fatalities
M.A.I.N. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XRcg_t2oJkc 6:07 video Introduces M.A.I.N.
WWI causes Graphic Organizer.pptx1 page MAIN organizer/outline on causes. Do as an ongoing activity as you Read the Graphic Novel and find the MAIN
MAIN powerpoint presentation.pptx ( additional information on M.A.I.N.)
World War I Exit/Admit Slip
https://www.youtube.com/watch?x-yt-ts=1422579428&v=kCEUZ4rFiac&x-yt-cl=85114404 4:44 WWI rap with a couple iffy rap parts!
Activity 1 Graphic Novel
Organizer 1
https://docs.google.com/document/d/12rQsbGE_oF7i4O3cnkfLvePVqxvd2qKM9mlsQwjrSmE/edit?usp=sharing Do this organizer after reading pages 1-35 in the graphic Novel. Do individually and then discuss with a small group.
Organizer 2
https://docs.google.com/document/d/160w3oNB66Prwy7Djx96PoR0k6yZL02xfElUD-T5uYiE/edit?usp=sharing Do this organizer after reading pages 36-70 in the graphic Novel. Do individually and then discuss with a small group.
Organizer 3
https://docs.google.com/document/d/19u3IOPmYr5KH172tM6NhwpTIGAa00-P-LhlPsdLd-uI/edit?usp=sharing Do this organizer after reading pages 71-109 in the graphic Novel. Do individually and then discuss with a small group.
All three organizers on this DOC
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jK0dmT0UZtjg03rrlIM0nebel2Ve7vOAXc8U9K6G6Is/edit?usp=sharing
Novel study: The War to end all Wars WW1
1. Daily focus: Why did the war start?
2.Reading:Pages 1-35 Through their eyes: Choose George Smith, a character he encounters, or a country and write a quick write about their stance towards the war.
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Stance
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Evidence
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Evidence
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Conclusion
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M.A.I.N. organizer
WWI MAIN Graphic Organizer.pptx
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1.Interrupted Summary: Yesterday’s reading began with introducing us to George Smith… Continue
2.Daily focus: What was a common issue the war caused?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AI7m8TDBH2I 3 min All quiet on Western Front opening battle scene.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ciq9ts02ci4 All quiet on the western front battle scene.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SS1dO0JC2EE&feature=related shell shock and other war injuries. 1 min
3.Reading: Pages 36-70 Cause and effect : Write about a technology that had a major impact on casualties during World War I?
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Cause
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Effect
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Effect
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Conclusion
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M.A.I.N. organizer
WWI MAIN Graphic Organizer.pptx
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1.Interrupted Summary: Yesterday’s reading introduced us to life in the trenches. Continue...
2.Daily focus: Why did people tire of the war?
3. Reading:Pages 71-109 Turning points: What was a turning point in ending the war?
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Turning Point
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Evidence
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Evidence
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Conclusion
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M.A.I.N. organizer
WWI MAIN Graphic Organizer.pptx
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3 paragraphs
When the graphic Novel is complete answer the following questions in three paragraphs using the format and the think like an historian thought process.
Statement
Evidence
Evidence
Evidence
Conclusion.
Paragraph 1
Why did the war start?
Paragraph 2
What was a common issue the war caused?
Paragraph 3
Why did people tire of the war?
Use the Google form below to record your 3 paragraphs.
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1bamJfJgUgjrpx19Pl7QOuWPFY3qK_sgp5g-sdDEU_ng/viewform?usp=send_form
Trivia time....
My Example:
What do the three pictures above have in common? All are_______?
Activity 2 Stations on the Home front : What is the lasting impact of war on society?
Modern day example of giving up civil liberties for U.S. safety in a war effort.
Vocabulary of War: Espionage and Sedition Acts, Anti-immigrant Hysteria, Civil Liberties, conscientious objector, rationing.
Activity question: What effect did preparation for the war have on the American home front?
Big Idea: Apply how World War I influenced the future of the nation?
Home front changed to prepare for World War I
U.S. Government influence grew
1. Temporary agencies.
2. Government propaganda. Anti German, Hun.
3. Volunteer Army/ Draft (conscription).
4. Civil Liberties (espionage).
5. Production for War. Munitions, agriculture, Labor, War Bonds
Unit Question: Why do countries go to war? What is the lasting impact of war on society?
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ms0h55zi2Qv-HZDIO-jKY30VuFADuDtgNzF8kwUbZso/edit?usp=sharing Answer sheet for 4 stations
Station 1 What was the US attitude about the War?
Introduction video on progressivism to war on the home front
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ETNkOdNXcko 5:30 Woodrow Wilson, progressivism and American expansion. How did the country prepare for war?
https://www.histclo.com/essay/war/ww1/cou/us/home/w1cush-opi.html What effect did preparing for the war have on the country? Analyze how the attitude about war changed from the beginning to the end of the war. What is the lasting impact of the war on the society?
Station 2 How did the Americans prepare for the war?
Introduction Video to U.S. home front
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9r_ZD1Vn51s 34:56 Video on U.S. home front for introduction
https://mashable.com/2015/02/08/women-wwi-workers/#mwA0nmNqQsqQ Women entering the workforce
Introduction Articles
Read the following articles about The U.S. as it enters World War I.
http://jarredjoly0.tripod.com/id2.html Introduction into bonds, industry and womans help at the homefront.
http://histclo.com/essay/war/ww1/cou/us/w1cus-home.html homefront issues to prepare for the war.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1yeaFtV2oUhrINjyKQO--JZxnJ6AVop-jBA_NrYakTnQ/edit?usp=sharing Victory Gardens
DBQ Great Migration- from the Reconstruction 1865-77 to the Civil Rights Era in the 1970s African Americans are going to migrate to where the jobs are. These are war jobs.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pg6C2eLYFtJoFQSzMQFNJ6NeHilKcLYq-8t77fG13zM/edit?usp=sharing
Station 3 Opposition to War. Free speech, How does War change what people can say and do? Look at WWI, 9/11, Iraq, and Civil Liberties
EXAMPLE 1
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1nNN6lPj59Kn6ZZx6G61YIAHMrQYCFA0Y13nP5CDeYRI/edit?usp=sharing conscientious objectors
Example 2 http://www.snowspotmedia.com/2010/09/11/the-comments-about-911-that-cost-bill-maher-his-job-video/ Bill Maher, comedian loses show over 9/11 comments on terrorists.
Example 3 http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/07/us/sept-11-reckoning/civil.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 How did the attack of 9/11 affect our civil liberties?
Example 4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_fries What was the U.S. attitude about loyalty following 9/11 and during the Iraq war?
Example 5
War Bonds for the War Effort.docx How does a country pay for a war?
Example 6 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1n33tPQ8eZe4vLN9drz2m57CgT8TbXQFowovLu8gCtxI/edit?usp=sharing Why espionage and sedition Acts?
Example 7 http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/12/national/12FRIES.html Why did people change the names on food?
Example 8 Patriot Act: How did the U.S. Homeland change after 9/11?
Patriot Act: Is it Anti-Terrorist or Is it Anti-American? What is it? How has it changed civil liberties? Is it a good or a bad thing for the U.S. ?
patriot act DOC020315.pdf
Example 9 https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/schenck-v-united-states-defining-the-limits-of-free-speech/ schenck
Example 10 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5VBWec3L6K8 5:00 Mr.Hughes on Schenck v U.S.
How did the home front change or remain the same after a conflict?
Station 4 Propaganda to promote Nationalism
What is the lasting impact of war on society? The home front changes what people can say and do during a war.
WWI Home front.ppt Pictures, posters, propaganda of all 4 stations on the power point.
Activity 3
End of the World War I
What is the lasting impact of war on society?
Vocabulary to Know: Treaty of Versailles, 14 Points, Woodrow Wilson, War Guilt Clause, Reparations, League of Nations, Influenza
11:11 a.m. on 11/11/1918
Read the view from an observer in a plane as the War ended
end WWI 20130118131029397[1].pdf
What does this say about the war?
Treaty Of Versailles activity
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1C2G88_gxkxukFcR4gmkzSSd9gRwHuvQh_8OCKtQwvP4/edit?usp=sharing Use this DOC to discuss the impact of the Treaty Of Versailles on Europe and the World.
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/treaty-of-versailles Video and reading on the End of WWI.
WWI 10 Foremost Pros and Cons of the Treaty of Versailles.pdf Pros and cons from the end of the war.
League of Nations Activity
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-WAoxnefj1mVVbpnJ_RMqzxtktaZa1qCe_d0URYp4SM/edit?usp=sharing
Use this DOC to discuss the impact of the League of Nations on Europe and the World.
When unit is over can you...?
3 formative assignments
1. understand why M.A.I.N. was a cause of World War I.
2. understand how World War I changed the role of the U.S. on the world stage?
3. apply how World War I influenced the future of the nation?
WWI Final Assessment
Part 1 and 2 WWI Assessment
WWI assessment page 1.docx
WWI Assessment page 2.docx
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1xtUL7WpH1QPzXH8-GPEfqvFr3k2-sQjy0lV8PXwd0b4/edit?usp=sharing Period 1 class
Articles for Part 2 WWI assessment
WWI Militarism Article.docx
WWI Alliances Article.pdf
WWI Imperialism Article.pdf
WWI Nationalism Article.pdf
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